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Sonnets and iambic pentameter

The iambic pentameter is a system used by poets to measure meter or beat within a poem. One line of iambic pentameter equals five iambic foots in series. One Iambic foot is made up of one short syllable followed by a long syllable (ex: da Dum) so one full line of iambic pentameter would read:

|"The | horse | sat | among | the | flow | -er | beds | and | slept" |

| da | Dum | da | Dum | da | Dum | da | Dum | da | Dum |

Iambic Pentameter is found frequently throughout history in a variety of styles of poetry. Poets such as John Keats, Shakespeare and many others have utilised this meter to great effects and some of the most memorable of poems uses iambic pentameter.

One style of poetry that uses the iambic pentameter is the sonnet.

The sonnet originates from the italian sonetto (little song), although not long after the english developed their own variety of the sonetto. The sonetto was fourteen lines long with a strict rhyming scheme and a logical structure. Time has loosened these rules as has the adoption of the sonnet by english poets. It was the english poets who opted to use iambic pentameter within the sonnet itself, yet keeping to a strict rhyme scheme of sorts.

The italian sonetto typically was divided into two parts, the first part being an octive and a sestet. The octive was made of eight lines with the rhyming scheme of either abab abab or abba abba which established the problem in the poem. The sestat was made of six lines with the rhyme scheme of cde cde or cdc cdc and held the resolution to the already established problem. The ninth line, or the first line of the sestat was the usual location for the volta or turn in the poem between the problem and the resolution. The actual rhyme schemes vary slightly from poet to poet, ranging from the more traditional to poetic variations invented by the individual author although they still followed the octave/sestat design of the sonnet.

The Spenserian sonnet followed a different set up and rhyme sceme but kept the same fourteen lines as the italian sonetto. It was split into three quartets followed by a couplet at the end. The rhyme scheme is abab bcbc cdcd ee with the variation being the shakespearian sonnet which was abab cdcd efef gg. The english sonnets don't necessarily seem to follow the same theme as the italian ones do in distinguishing between the problem and the resolution nor do they have a volta.

The sonnet was widely popular through out many centuries and eras, though is not as widely used nowadays with the coming of the free verse. A number of recent poets have made an effort to bring back the sonnet into regular use though.


For more information and samples of sonnets, plus credit for the researched information found here: [link]





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